There were 2 versions before the S3, S1 and S2, I think all 3 had the same dimentions it just a question of numbers of tubes making up the Chassis, S2 and S3 are identical size wise.
From what I gathered, The Birkin and Caterham started off as knockoff of S3's i.e. same sizes, some changes have been made, externally the chassis have stayed the same dimentions but some minor tweeks inside have changed. The engine bay has basically stayed the same, Both have made the Zetec fit, and it's a larger engine than the 4AGE. Catherham introduce the SV chassis i.e. S5 chassis which is more in the Locost size, wider, longer and higher. The incredible CSR is based on the S5 Chassis.
The 4AGE is a small engine so I'm not surprised it fits, ok it's huge compared to an A motor, but very small compared to modern powerplant. The T50 also is a small transmision, I haven't compared it to the 4 speed, and I wouldn't be surprise if the T50 was sligtly bigger. Keep in mind that Caterham has offered a T9 and some derivatives in their S3 chassis.
Hmmm 2 people in a Se7en hmmm you better be in love
Seriously, your right there not much space, 36.75 inches between chassis rails vs the 40 in the book chassis, 16 inch for the seat if it's a bench, yup it's gonna be cramped if your 2, perfect if your alone... Personally it's the proportions that are right with the Lotus vs the Locost. Also if you look closer at the Lotus S3 Chassis you see all the tubes forming one unit vs the Locost were tube are simply added. Yes the Locost chassis is easier to build, but the Lotus-early Caterham are things of beauty.
It's probably at the bellhousing that some issue could arise as the footspace is fairly limited. Maybe Rod aka cs3tcr could enligthened us.
here is his 4AGE in his S3, this is one of his pic in his tread.
Cheers,
Fred